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to honor her own father, William Smart. After her mother died, he had the responsibility of raising a family of five sons and a daughter. In 1910, the first Father’s Day was observed in Spokane. Senator Margaret Chase Smith helped to established Father’s Day as a national commemorative day, in 1972.These days are set aside to show love and respect for parents. They raise their children and educate them to be responsible citizens. They give love and care.
These two special days are celebrated in many different ways. On Mother’s Day people wear carnations. A red one symbolizes a living mother. A white one shows that the mother is dead.Many people attend religious services to honor parents. It is also a day when people whose parents are dead visit the cemetery. On these days families get together at home, as well as in restaurants. They often have outdoor barbecues for Father’s Day. These are days of fun and good feelings and memories.
51.According to the passage, which of the following about the second Sunday in May is not true ?
A.It is a day to show love to mothers
B.It is a day to wear carnations
C.It is a day for people to visit the cemetery
D.It is a day for many people to attend religious services
52.Choose the right time order of the following events.
a. The first Father’s Day was observed
b. Mother’s Day was proclaimed a day for national observance
c. Father’s Day became a day for national observance.
d. The idea of honoring fathers was bought up
A.a b c d B.d a b c C.b a c d D.d a c b
53.Who plays the most important role in Father’s Day becoming a national commemorative day?
A.Mrs. Do B.Margaret Chase Smith
C.Ann Jarvis D.Woodrow Wilson
54.From the passage, we know in the U.S ________________.
A.one should wear a red carnation if one’s mother pass away
B.on Mother’s Day, families often go out to have barbecues
C.on Father’s Day, people often stay at home to celebrate the special day.
D.The purpose to have these two special days is to show love to parents
55.The author’s purpose of writing this passage is to __________
A.call on people to love and respect their parents.
B.introduce Mother’s Day and Father’s Day.
C.tell the difference between Mother’s Day and Father’s Day
D.show how important fathers and mothers are
【答案与解析】 51~55 CBBDB
这篇文章介绍母亲节和父亲节。美国人民以两个特殊的日子向父母表示敬意,这便是每年五月第二个星期日的母亲节和六月第三个星期日父亲节。
51.C。细节理解题。解析:这个选项的说法不够准确。
五月的第二个周日是母亲节,在这一天有些父母逝世的人会去墓地看父母。
52.B。推理判断题。解析:根据第二自然段及第三自然段关于母亲节及父亲节形成的先后关系来判断。
53.B。推理判断题。 解析:从第三自然段最后一句话Senator Margaret Chase Smith
helped to established Father’s Day as a national commemorative day, in 1972. 看出:是参议员史
密斯于1972年帮助把父亲节推广为全国性节日的。
54.D。推理判断题。解析:第一自然段就提到People in the United States honor their
parents with two special days: Mother’s Day’s, on the second Sunday in May, and Father’s Day,
on the third Sunday in June.表明美国人民以两个特殊的日子向父母表示敬意,这便是每年五月
第二个星期日的母亲节和六月第三个星期日父亲节。
55.B。主旨大意题。解析:写这篇文章的目的是介绍母亲节和父亲节。
文 章来源
莲山 课件 w w
w.5 Y k J.COm
作者:王为民
在英语教学中,语言能力和文化意识的培养越来越受到重视,阅读理解在高考测试中占据的分量也越来越重。江苏的高考英语试题中有四篇阅读理解,而单项选择、完形填空和任务型阅读虽然考查的角度不同,但要很好地完成都要建立在良好的阅读理解的基础上。因此我们可以看出英语高考试题中阅读理解所占的比重很大。但是还是会听到不少同学在考试之后抱怨:时间不够用,文章看不懂,题目做不对等等。结合自己多年的教学经验,笔者在此对高中英语阅读理解的题型和解题技巧做一个分析,以期对同学们能有所帮助。
一、高考试卷中常见题型的特点及解题要点
1. 细节判断题
以原文中某一句话或某一个短语为入手点,考查学生对细节的理解。很多同学在做这种题目时比较喜欢在选项中寻找原文中的句子,但往往照抄原文的句子并不一定是正确选项。做这类题目时,应关注选项和原句的细微差别,选择与原文意思和所问问题都相符的答案。
2. 单词释义或句意解释题
要求考生以上下文内容为参考,尝试理解文中出现的生词、短语或句子。这类题目的解题关键在于其上下文,因为在考查点前后出现的内容往往是对这个词的解释、说明、举例等。如When
things are getting hard, a voice inside my head tells me that I
can't achieve something. Then, there are other distractions, such
as family or hobbies. The key is to concentrate.
由前面的other可知distractions是与第一句基本相同的意思,第一句话表达的就是让人注意力分散的事情,下文又提到家庭、爱好,同时提到关键在于集中注意力。结合上下文可知
distractions意为activities that turn one's attention away。
3. 主旨大意题
如果是考查整篇文章的主旨大意,可以把文中每段的首句串起来考虑。若是仅考查某一段落的中心思想,则可将该段的首、尾句综合起来考虑。
4. 标题选择题
标题的选择要遵循“精、准、全”三原则。“精”是指要用精炼的语言概括出文章的中心;“准”是指标题的选择要注意文章的外延和内涵,不能扩大或缩小文章的内容;“全”是指标题的选择应该排除掉那些片面的选项,而正确地选取能包含文章的主要内容及作者要表达的观点的选项。
5. 推理判断题
题目中常含有infer, conclude, know/learn from the
passage,imply等类似的词。这类题目的选项特点是:第一,有些错误的干扰选项只是对原文的简单重复,而非推断出来的结论;第二,有些选项根据我们已有的常识是正确的,但却不是基于文章;第三,一些选项因果倒置,看似从原文中推导出来的结论,实际却与原文不符。推理判断题是阅读理解中最难的一类问题。我们必须以原文为依据去合理推测才能找到合适的答案。遇到一些很难在原文中找到明确的解题线索的题目,可以根据词句隐含的意义和作者的语气去分析推导答案。
6. 作者的观点、态度题
解题的关键是要看作者在文中用了什么样的口气。
e世博备用网址 若用褒义词,显然是赞成;若用贬义词,显然是反对;若客观陈述,则是中性的立场,不偏不倚。因此,同学们在做这种题目时,应注意其中所使用的一些形容词,另外,我们可以寻找文中的转折词,一般转折词后面的文段表明了作者的观点。如:
Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature. However,
whether you are on the mountains, in the waves, or on the
grassland, you should be aware that your sport of choice might have
great influence on the environment. Golf, as you may know, eats up
not only large areas of countryside, but also tons of water.
文中however, eat up等词的使用,说明了作者对高尔夫等运动持反对态度,而更倾向于有利于环保的运动方式。
二、对平时的训练建议
1. 抓好限时训练
学生通过限时训练可以有计划、循序渐进地提高自己的阅读速度。做阅读理解训练时,尝试在原文中划出答案出处,这能帮助我们在阅读时以文章为依据,而不凭空猜想。
2. 养成良好的阅读习惯
学生在平时训练时要养成良好的阅读习惯。首先要避免“指读”。很多学生喜欢用手或笔指着文字读,这种阅读习惯容易使思维停留在手指着的局部单词上,会阻碍对中心思想的理解。而且这种方法比默读慢得多,会影响阅读的速度。其次要避免出声阅读。嘴唇随着文字而蠕动或发出细小的声音都会大大地影响阅读速度。还要避免过多地停顿回读。在阅读过程中由于对某个词语或句子不太明白,眼睛过多地重复同一个词语或句子,这样既影响阅读速度,又影响对文章的连贯理解和较好地获取中心意思,而且易使眼睛和大脑疲劳。
3. 掌握适当的阅读技巧
常见的阅读方法有三种:
(1)先文后题。即先把全文读懂,然后做题。这种方法的缺点是阅读的目的性不明确,记住的细节内容未必有用,有用的内容未必记住。答题时仍需到短文中去寻找,实际上等于降低了读速,降低了效率。
(2)先题后文。即先读问题,然后带着问题读文章。这种方法的优点是目的明确,在阅读时有所侧重,能节省时间。该法比较适合类似广告性质的阅读理解题。缺点在于由于没有读过短文,不了解文章的主题、细节分布情况,因而不可能很快找到所需信息,有时很有可能断章取义,不利于做推理题和主旨大意题。
(3)文——题——文。即先快速通读全文,对文章形成总体印象,了解全文的题材、主要结构、中心思想、主题段、主题句,然后读问题
凤凰平台 ,明白该文章的考查点,最后,再带着问题跳读文章,寻找与答题内容有关的词句,这样既提高了做题的准确性,又能有效地利用时间。因此,文——题——文阅读理解方法是多数人采用的,可提高阅读速度的有效方法。
4. 积累文化背景知识
英语阅读能力的提高不仅需要一定的语言知识,还要有一定的文化背景知识和生活知识。这就需要我们通过大量的阅读来积累。我们要拓展知识面,注意社会热点。我们了解的东西越多,知识面越宽,对文章的理解就越容易。
5. 注重长难句的理解
近几年的高考阅读理解题十分注重借助复杂语境考查考生对语言语法知识综合运用的能力。所选阅读材料中常有大量复杂单句和复合句,以此来增强句子结构的复杂性和语境理解难度。所以,理解长句、复杂句成了考生顺利理解阅读材料,提高阅读速度的关键。一般地说,造成长难句的原因主要有三个方面:(1)修饰语过多;(2)并列成份多;(3)语言结构层次多。在分析长难句时应采用“先缩后扩”的方法。先缩,即首先找出句子的主语、谓语、宾语,这样就抓住了句子的主干,也就从整体上把握了句子的结构。后扩,分析句子主干以外的从句或短语的功能以及和主干的相互关系。例如:非谓语动词的成分是什么,其逻辑主语是哪个
ag平台 ,定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个,介词短语修饰哪个词,and
连接的是哪些并列成分等等。
英语有句谚语Practice makes perfect, 同学们如果能科学训练,持之以恒,阅读水平就会有质的飞跃。
(《新高考·升学必读》2010年第11期)
When Christopher Columbus landed on the then unnamed Costa Rica in 1502, he saw many Indians wearing gold earrings. So he thought the land must be rich in gold. He named the place Costa Rica, which means “rich coast” in Spanish.
Though little gold was found, Costa Rica today is indeed rich with coffee and bananas. Coffee is the most important product in Costa Rica and most of it is exported (出口) to other countries like America and West Germany. Bananas are the country’s second most important export.
Costa Ricans also grow many other crops such as fruits, corn and beans for their own use. Costa Ricans love colors and their houses are painted in bright colors.
Education is very important to the Costa Ricans. Almost every village has a school and education is a must for children between seven and fourteen years of age. Boys and girls go to separate (单独的) schools. Classes begin in March and end in November. The other three months of the year are harvest time and the children have to help their parents to pick coffee beans.
56. What’s the main idea of the first paragraph?
A. How Columbus found Costa Rica.
B. How Costa Rica got its name.
C. What the Costa Ricans wore.
D. What language the Costa Ricans spoke.
57. The Costa Ricans may NOT paint their houses ______.
A. pink and red B. grey and black
C. blue and green D. yellow and orange
58. In Costa Rica, boys and girls between seven and fourteen ______.
A. must go to school
B. study in the same school
C. do not have to go to school at all
D. can choose to stop schooling at any time
59. From December to February, school children in Costa Rica ______.
A. have lessons every day
B. have their examinations
C. help their parents pick coffee beans
D. help their parents decorate their houses
60. This passage is mainly about ______.
A. Christopher Columbus B. Costa Rica
C. some products from Costa Rica
D. the education of Costa Rica
B ★
Christian Eijkman, a Dutch doctor, left the Netherlands for the island of Java. Many people on the island had a disease called beri?鄄beri. He was going there to try and find a cure.
At first, Eijkman thought some kind of germ (细菌) caused beri?鄄beri. He raised some chickens. He didn’t eat them, but made experiments on them. The local people were quite surprised at that. One day he noticed that his chickens became sick when they were fed the food most Javanese ate — refined white rice (精炼米). When he fed them with unrefined rice, also known as brown rice, they recovered. Eijkman realized that he had made an important discovery — that some things in food could prevent disease. These things were named vitamins (维生素). The Javanese were not getting enough vitamins because they had actually removed the part that contains vitamins. Later, other diseases were also found to be caused by the lack of vit